package org.unicode.cldr.draft;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.unicode.cldr.draft.XLikelySubtags.LSR;
import org.unicode.cldr.draft.XLocaleDistance.RegionMapper.Builder;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.CLDRConfig;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.CLDRFile;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.SupplementalDataInfo;

import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.collect.ArrayListMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
import com.google.common.collect.Multimaps;
import com.google.common.collect.TreeMultimap;
import com.ibm.icu.dev.util.CollectionUtilities;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.Row;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.Row.R4;
import com.ibm.icu.util.Output;
import com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale;

public class XLocaleDistance {

    static final boolean PRINT_OVERRIDES = true;

    public static final int ABOVE_THRESHOLD = 100;

    @Deprecated
    public static final String ANY = "�"; // matches any character. Uses value above any subtag.

    private static String fixAny(String string) {
        return "*".equals(string) ? ANY : string;
    }

    // For now, get data directly from CLDR

    private static final CLDRConfig CONFIG = CLDRConfig.getInstance();
    private static final CLDRFile english = CONFIG.getEnglish();
    static final SupplementalDataInfo SDI = CONFIG.getSupplementalDataInfo();

    private static List<R4<String, String, Integer, Boolean>> xGetLanguageMatcherData() {
        return SDI.getLanguageMatcherData("written");
    }

    static final Multimap<String, String> CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED;
    static final Multimap<String, String> CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED_FINAL;
    static {
        TreeMultimap<String, String> containerToContainedTemp = TreeMultimap.create();
        fill("001", containerToContainedTemp);
        CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED = ImmutableMultimap.copyOf(containerToContainedTemp);
        // get hard-coded data because ICU fails to copy information

        for (String container : SDI.getContainers()) {
            Set<String> contained = SDI.getContained(container);
            System.out.println(".putAll(\"" + container + "\", \"" + CollectionUtilities.join(contained, "\", \"") + "\")");
        }

        ImmutableMultimap.Builder<String, String> containerToFinalContainedBuilder = new ImmutableMultimap.Builder<>();
        for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> entry : CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED.asMap().entrySet()) {
            String container = entry.getKey();
            for (String contained : entry.getValue()) {
                if (SDI.getContained(contained) == null) {
                    containerToFinalContainedBuilder.put(container, contained);
                }
            }
        }
        CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED_FINAL = containerToFinalContainedBuilder.build();
    }

    // TODO make this a single pass
    private static Collection<String> fill(String region, Multimap<String, String> toAddTo) {
        Set<String> contained = SDI.getContained(region);
        if (contained != null) {
            toAddTo.putAll(region, contained);
            for (String subregion : contained) {
                toAddTo.putAll(region, fill(subregion, toAddTo));
            }
            return toAddTo.get(region);
        }
        return Collections.emptySet();
    }

    final static private Set<String> ALL_FINAL_REGIONS = ImmutableSet.copyOf(CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED_FINAL.get("001"));

    // end of data from CLDR

    private final DistanceTable languageDesired2Supported;
    private final RegionMapper regionMapper;
    private final int defaultLanguageDistance;
    private final int defaultScriptDistance;
    private final int defaultRegionDistance;

    @Deprecated
    public static abstract class DistanceTable {
        abstract int getDistance(String desiredLang, String supportedlang, Output<DistanceTable> table, boolean starEquals);

        abstract Set<String> getCloser(int threshold);

        abstract String toString(boolean abbreviate);

        public DistanceTable compact() {
            return this;
        }

//        public Integer getInternalDistance(String a, String b) {
//            return null;
//        }
        public DistanceNode getInternalNode(String any, String any2) {
            return null;
        }

        public Map<String, Set<String>> getInternalMatches() {
            return null;
        }

        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return true;
        }
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static class DistanceNode {
        final int distance;

        public DistanceNode(int distance) {
            this.distance = distance;
        }

        public DistanceTable getDistanceTable() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (!(obj instanceof DistanceNode)) {
                return false;
            }
            DistanceNode other = (DistanceNode) obj;
            return distance == other.distance;
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return distance;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "\ndistance: " + distance;
        }
    }

    private interface IdMapper<K, V> {
        public V toId(K source);
    }

    static class IdMakerFull<T> implements IdMapper<T, Integer> {
        private final Map<T, Integer> objectToInt = new HashMap<>();
        private final List<T> intToObject = new ArrayList<>();
        final String name; // for debugging

        IdMakerFull(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        IdMakerFull() {
            this("unnamed");
        }

        IdMakerFull(String name, T zeroValue) {
            this(name);
            add(zeroValue);
        }

        /**
         * Return an id, making one if there wasn't one already.
         */
        public Integer add(T source) {
            Integer result = objectToInt.get(source);
            if (result == null) {
                Integer newResult = intToObject.size();
                objectToInt.put(source, newResult);
                intToObject.add(source);
                return newResult;
            } else {
                return result;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Return an id, or null if there is none.
         */
        public Integer toId(T source) {
            return objectToInt.get(source);
//            return value == null ? 0 : value; 
        }

        /**
         * Return the object for the id, or null if there is none.
         */
        public T fromId(int id) {
            return intToObject.get(id);
        }

        /**
         * Return interned object
         */
        public T intern(T source) {
            return fromId(add(source));
        }

        public int size() {
            return intToObject.size();
        }

        /**
         * Same as add, except if the object didn't have an id, return null;
         */
        public Integer getOldAndAdd(T source) {
            Integer result = objectToInt.get(source);
            if (result == null) {
                Integer newResult = intToObject.size();
                objectToInt.put(source, newResult);
                intToObject.add(source);
            }
            return result;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return size() + ": " + intToObject;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (!(obj instanceof IdMakerFull)) {
                return false;
            }
            IdMakerFull<T> other = (IdMakerFull) obj;
            return intToObject.equals(other.intToObject);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return intToObject.hashCode();
        }
    }

    static class StringDistanceNode extends DistanceNode {
        final DistanceTable distanceTable;

        public StringDistanceNode(int distance, DistanceTable distanceTable) {
            super(distance);
            this.distanceTable = distanceTable;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (!(obj instanceof StringDistanceNode)) {
                return false;
            }
            StringDistanceNode other = (StringDistanceNode) obj;
            return distance == other.distance && Objects.equal(distanceTable, other.distanceTable);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return distance ^ Objects.hashCode(distanceTable);
        }

        StringDistanceNode(int distance) {
            this(distance, new StringDistanceTable());
        }

        public void addSubtables(String desiredSub, String supportedSub, CopyIfEmpty r) {
            ((StringDistanceTable) distanceTable).addSubtables(desiredSub, supportedSub, r);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "distance: " + distance + "\n" + distanceTable;
        }

        public void copyTables(StringDistanceTable value) {
            if (value != null) {
                ((StringDistanceTable) distanceTable).copy(value);
            }
        }

        public DistanceTable getDistanceTable() {
            return distanceTable;
        }
    }

    public XLocaleDistance(DistanceTable datadistancetable2, RegionMapper regionMapper) {
        languageDesired2Supported = datadistancetable2;
        this.regionMapper = regionMapper;

        StringDistanceNode languageNode = (StringDistanceNode) ((StringDistanceTable) languageDesired2Supported).subtables.get(ANY).get(ANY);
        defaultLanguageDistance = languageNode.distance;
        StringDistanceNode scriptNode = (StringDistanceNode) ((StringDistanceTable) languageNode.distanceTable).subtables.get(ANY).get(ANY);
        defaultScriptDistance = scriptNode.distance;
        DistanceNode regionNode = ((StringDistanceTable) scriptNode.distanceTable).subtables.get(ANY).get(ANY);
        defaultRegionDistance = regionNode.distance;
    }

    private static Map newMap() { // for debugging
        return new TreeMap();
    }

    /**
     * Internal class
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static class StringDistanceTable extends DistanceTable {
        final Map<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> subtables;

        StringDistanceTable(Map<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> tables) {
            subtables = tables;
        }

        StringDistanceTable() {
            this(newMap());
        }

        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return subtables.isEmpty();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (!(obj instanceof StringDistanceTable)) {
                return false;
            }
            StringDistanceTable other = (StringDistanceTable) obj;
            return subtables.equals(other.subtables);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return subtables.hashCode();
        }

        public int getDistance(String desired, String supported, Output<DistanceTable> distanceTable, boolean starEquals) {
            boolean star = false;
            Map<String, DistanceNode> sub2 = subtables.get(desired);
            if (sub2 == null) {
                sub2 = subtables.get(ANY); // <*, supported>
                star = true;
            }
            DistanceNode value = sub2.get(supported); // <*/desired, supported>
            if (value == null) {
                value = sub2.get(ANY); // <*/desired, *>
                if (value == null && !star) {
                    sub2 = subtables.get(ANY); // <*, supported>
                    value = sub2.get(supported);
                    if (value == null) {
                        value = sub2.get(ANY); // <*, *>
                    }
                }
                star = true;
            }
            if (distanceTable != null) {
                distanceTable.value = ((StringDistanceNode) value).distanceTable;
            }
            return starEquals && star && desired.equals(supported) ? 0 : value.distance;
        }

        public void copy(StringDistanceTable other) {
            for (Entry<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> e1 : other.subtables.entrySet()) {
                for (Entry<String, DistanceNode> e2 : e1.getValue().entrySet()) {
                    DistanceNode value = e2.getValue();
                    DistanceNode subNode = addSubtable(e1.getKey(), e2.getKey(), value.distance);
                }
            }
        }

        DistanceNode addSubtable(String desired, String supported, int distance) {
            Map<String, DistanceNode> sub2 = subtables.get(desired);
            if (sub2 == null) {
                subtables.put(desired, sub2 = newMap());
            }
            DistanceNode oldNode = sub2.get(supported);
            if (oldNode != null) {
                return oldNode;
            }

            final StringDistanceNode newNode = new StringDistanceNode(distance);
            sub2.put(supported, newNode);
            return newNode;
        }

        /**
         * Return null if value doesn't exist
         */
        private DistanceNode getNode(String desired, String supported) {
            Map<String, DistanceNode> sub2 = subtables.get(desired);
            if (sub2 == null) {
                return null;
            }
            return sub2.get(supported);
        }

        /** add table for each subitem that matches and doesn't have a table already
         */
        public void addSubtables(
            String desired, String supported,
            Predicate<DistanceNode> action) {
            int count = 0;
            DistanceNode node = getNode(desired, supported);
            if (node == null) {
                // get the distance it would have
                Output<DistanceTable> node2 = new Output<>();
                int distance = getDistance(desired, supported, node2, true);
                // now add it
                node = addSubtable(desired, supported, distance);
                if (node2.value != null) {
                    ((StringDistanceNode) node).copyTables((StringDistanceTable) (node2.value));
                }
            }
            action.apply(node);
        }

        public void addSubtables(String desiredLang, String supportedLang,
            String desiredScript, String supportedScript,
            int percentage) {

            // add to all the values that have the matching desiredLang and supportedLang
            boolean haveKeys = false;
            for (Entry<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> e1 : subtables.entrySet()) {
                String key1 = e1.getKey();
                final boolean desiredIsKey = desiredLang.equals(key1);
                if (desiredIsKey || desiredLang.equals(ANY)) {
                    for (Entry<String, DistanceNode> e2 : e1.getValue().entrySet()) {
                        String key2 = e2.getKey();
                        final boolean supportedIsKey = supportedLang.equals(key2);
                        haveKeys |= (desiredIsKey && supportedIsKey);
                        if (supportedIsKey || supportedLang.equals(ANY)) {
                            DistanceNode value = e2.getValue();
                            ((StringDistanceTable) value.getDistanceTable()).addSubtable(desiredScript, supportedScript, percentage);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            // now add the sequence explicitly
            StringDistanceTable dt = new StringDistanceTable();
            dt.addSubtable(desiredScript, supportedScript, percentage);
            CopyIfEmpty r = new CopyIfEmpty(dt);
            addSubtables(desiredLang, supportedLang, r);
        }

        public void addSubtables(String desiredLang, String supportedLang,
            String desiredScript, String supportedScript,
            String desiredRegion, String supportedRegion,
            int percentage) {

            // add to all the values that have the matching desiredLang and supportedLang
            boolean haveKeys = false;
            for (Entry<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> e1 : subtables.entrySet()) {
                String key1 = e1.getKey();
                final boolean desiredIsKey = desiredLang.equals(key1);
                if (desiredIsKey || desiredLang.equals(ANY)) {
                    for (Entry<String, DistanceNode> e2 : e1.getValue().entrySet()) {
                        String key2 = e2.getKey();
                        final boolean supportedIsKey = supportedLang.equals(key2);
                        haveKeys |= (desiredIsKey && supportedIsKey);
                        if (supportedIsKey || supportedLang.equals(ANY)) {
                            StringDistanceNode value = (StringDistanceNode) e2.getValue();
                            ((StringDistanceTable) value.distanceTable).addSubtables(desiredScript, supportedScript, desiredRegion, supportedRegion,
                                percentage);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            // now add the sequence explicitly

            StringDistanceTable dt = new StringDistanceTable();
            dt.addSubtable(desiredRegion, supportedRegion, percentage);
            AddSub r = new AddSub(desiredScript, supportedScript, dt);
            addSubtables(desiredLang, supportedLang, r);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return toString(false);
        }

        public String toString(boolean abbreviate) {
            return toString(abbreviate, "", new IdMakerFull<Object>("interner"), new StringBuilder()).toString();
        }

        public StringBuilder toString(boolean abbreviate, String indent, IdMakerFull<Object> intern, StringBuilder buffer) {
            String indent2 = indent.isEmpty() ? "" : "\t";
            Integer id = abbreviate ? intern.getOldAndAdd(subtables) : null;
            if (id != null) {
                buffer.append(indent2).append('#').append(id).append('\n');
            } else
                for (Entry<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> e1 : subtables.entrySet()) {
                    final Map<String, DistanceNode> subsubtable = e1.getValue();
                    buffer.append(indent2).append(e1.getKey());
                    String indent3 = "\t";
                    id = abbreviate ? intern.getOldAndAdd(subsubtable) : null;
                    if (id != null) {
                        buffer.append(indent3).append('#').append(id).append('\n');
                    } else
                        for (Entry<String, DistanceNode> e2 : subsubtable.entrySet()) {
                            DistanceNode value = e2.getValue();
                            buffer.append(indent3).append(e2.getKey());
                            id = abbreviate ? intern.getOldAndAdd(value) : null;
                            if (id != null) {
                                buffer.append('\t').append('#').append(id).append('\n');
                            } else {
                                buffer.append('\t').append(value.distance);
                                final DistanceTable distanceTable = value.getDistanceTable();
                                if (distanceTable != null) {
                                    id = abbreviate ? intern.getOldAndAdd(distanceTable) : null;
                                    if (id != null) {
                                        buffer.append('\t').append('#').append(id).append('\n');
                                    } else {
                                        ((StringDistanceTable) distanceTable).toString(abbreviate, indent + "\t\t\t", intern, buffer);
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    buffer.append('\n');
                                }
                            }
                            indent3 = indent + '\t';
                        }
                    indent2 = indent;
                }
            return buffer;
        }

        public StringDistanceTable compact() {
            return new CompactAndImmutablizer().compact(this);
        }

        @Override
        public Set<String> getCloser(int threshold) {
            Set<String> result = new HashSet<>();
            for (Entry<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> e1 : subtables.entrySet()) {
                String desired = e1.getKey();
                for (Entry<String, DistanceNode> e2 : e1.getValue().entrySet()) {
                    if (e2.getValue().distance < threshold) {
                        result.add(desired);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        public Integer getInternalDistance(String a, String b) {
            Map<String, DistanceNode> subsub = subtables.get(a);
            if (subsub == null) {
                return null;
            }
            DistanceNode dnode = subsub.get(b);
            return dnode == null ? null : dnode.distance;
        }

        public DistanceNode getInternalNode(String a, String b) {
            Map<String, DistanceNode> subsub = subtables.get(a);
            if (subsub == null) {
                return null;
            }
            return subsub.get(b);
        }

        public Map<String, Set<String>> getInternalMatches() {
            Map<String, Set<String>> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            for (Entry<String, Map<String, DistanceNode>> entry : subtables.entrySet()) {
                result.put(entry.getKey(), new LinkedHashSet<>(entry.getValue().keySet()));
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

    static class CopyIfEmpty implements Predicate<DistanceNode> {
        private final StringDistanceTable toCopy;

        CopyIfEmpty(StringDistanceTable resetIfNotNull) {
            this.toCopy = resetIfNotNull;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean apply(DistanceNode node) {
            final StringDistanceTable subtables = (StringDistanceTable) node.getDistanceTable();
            if (subtables.subtables.isEmpty()) {
                subtables.copy(toCopy);
            }
            return true;
        }
    }

    static class AddSub implements Predicate<DistanceNode> {
        private final String desiredSub;
        private final String supportedSub;
        private final CopyIfEmpty r;

        AddSub(String desiredSub, String supportedSub, StringDistanceTable distanceTableToCopy) {
            this.r = new CopyIfEmpty(distanceTableToCopy);
            this.desiredSub = desiredSub;
            this.supportedSub = supportedSub;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean apply(DistanceNode node) {
            if (node == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad structure");
            } else {
                ((StringDistanceNode) node).addSubtables(desiredSub, supportedSub, r);
            }
            return true;
        }
    }

    public int distance(ULocale desired, ULocale supported, int threshold, DistanceOption distanceOption) {
        LSR supportedLSR = LSR.fromMaximalized(supported);
        LSR desiredLSR = LSR.fromMaximalized(desired);
        return distanceRaw(desiredLSR, supportedLSR, threshold, distanceOption);
    }

    /**
     * Returns distance, from 0 to ABOVE_THRESHOLD.
     * ULocales must be in canonical, addLikelySubtags format. Returns distance
     * @param desired
     * @param supported
     * @param distanceOption 
     * @return
     */
    public int distanceRaw(LSR desired, LSR supported, int threshold, DistanceOption distanceOption) {
        return distanceRaw(desired.language, supported.language,
            desired.script, supported.script,
            desired.region, supported.region,
            threshold, distanceOption);
    }

    public enum DistanceOption {
        NORMAL, SCRIPT_FIRST
    }

    /**
     * Returns distance, from 0 to ABOVE_THRESHOLD.
     * ULocales must be in canonical, addLikelySubtags format. Returns distance
     */
    public int distanceRaw(
        String desiredLang, String supportedlang,
        String desiredScript, String supportedScript,
        String desiredRegion, String supportedRegion,
        int threshold,
        DistanceOption distanceOption) {

        Output<DistanceTable> subtable = new Output<>();

        int distance = languageDesired2Supported.getDistance(desiredLang, supportedlang, subtable, true);
        boolean scriptFirst = distanceOption == DistanceOption.SCRIPT_FIRST;
        if (scriptFirst) {
            distance >>= 2;
        }
        if (distance < 0) {
            distance = 0;
        } else if (distance >= threshold) {
            return ABOVE_THRESHOLD;
        }

        int scriptDistance = subtable.value.getDistance(desiredScript, supportedScript, subtable, true);
        if (scriptFirst) {
            scriptDistance >>= 1;
        }
        distance += scriptDistance;
        if (distance >= threshold) {
            return ABOVE_THRESHOLD;
        }

        if (desiredRegion.equals(supportedRegion)) {
            return distance;
        }

        // From here on we know the regions are not equal

        final String desiredPartition = regionMapper.toId(desiredRegion);
        final String supportedPartition = regionMapper.toId(supportedRegion);
        int subdistance;

        // check for macros. If one is found, we take the maximum distance
        // this could be optimized by adding some more structure, but probably not worth it.

        Collection<String> desiredPartitions = desiredPartition.isEmpty() ? regionMapper.macroToPartitions.get(desiredRegion) : null;
        Collection<String> supportedPartitions = supportedPartition.isEmpty() ? regionMapper.macroToPartitions.get(supportedRegion) : null;
        if (desiredPartitions != null || supportedPartitions != null) {
            subdistance = 0;
            // make the code simple for now
            if (desiredPartitions == null) {
                desiredPartitions = Collections.singleton(desiredPartition);
            }
            if (supportedPartitions == null) {
                supportedPartitions = Collections.singleton(supportedPartition);
            }

            for (String desiredPartition2 : desiredPartitions) {
                for (String supportedPartition2 : supportedPartitions) {
                    int tempSubdistance = subtable.value.getDistance(desiredPartition2, supportedPartition2, null, false);
                    if (subdistance < tempSubdistance) {
                        subdistance = tempSubdistance;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            subdistance = subtable.value.getDistance(desiredPartition, supportedPartition, null, false);
        }
        distance += subdistance;
        return distance >= threshold ? ABOVE_THRESHOLD : distance;
    }

    private static final XLocaleDistance DEFAULT;

    public static XLocaleDistance getDefault() {
        return DEFAULT;
    }

    static {
        String[][] variableOverrides = {
            { "$enUS", "AS+GU+MH+MP+PR+UM+US+VI" },

            { "$cnsar", "HK+MO" },

            { "$americas", "019" },

            { "$maghreb", "MA+DZ+TN+LY+MR+EH" },
        };
        String[] paradigmRegions = {
            "en", "en-GB", "es", "es-419", "pt-BR", "pt-PT"
        };
        String[][] regionRuleOverrides = {
            { "ar_*_$maghreb", "ar_*_$maghreb", "96" },
            { "ar_*_$!maghreb", "ar_*_$!maghreb", "96" },
            { "ar_*_*", "ar_*_*", "95" },

            { "en_*_$enUS", "en_*_$enUS", "96" },
            { "en_*_$!enUS", "en_*_$!enUS", "96" },
            { "en_*_*", "en_*_*", "95" },

            { "es_*_$americas", "es_*_$americas", "96" },
            { "es_*_$!americas", "es_*_$!americas", "96" },
            { "es_*_*", "es_*_*", "95" },

            { "pt_*_$americas", "pt_*_$americas", "96" },
            { "pt_*_$!americas", "pt_*_$!americas", "96" },
            { "pt_*_*", "pt_*_*", "95" },

            { "zh_Hant_$cnsar", "zh_Hant_$cnsar", "96" },
            { "zh_Hant_$!cnsar", "zh_Hant_$!cnsar", "96" },
            { "zh_Hant_*", "zh_Hant_*", "95" },

            { "*_*_*", "*_*_*", "96" },
        };

        Builder rmb = new RegionMapper.Builder().addParadigms(paradigmRegions);
        for (String[] variableRule : variableOverrides) {
            rmb.add(variableRule[0], variableRule[1]);
        }
        if (PRINT_OVERRIDES) {
            System.out.println("\t\t<languageMatches type=\"written\" alt=\"enhanced\">");
            System.out.println("\t\t\t<paradigmLocales locales=\"" + CollectionUtilities.join(paradigmRegions, " ")
                + "\"/>");
            for (String[] variableRule : variableOverrides) {
                System.out.println("\t\t\t<matchVariable id=\"" + variableRule[0]
                    + "\" value=\""
                    + variableRule[1]
                    + "\"/>");
            }
        }

        final StringDistanceTable defaultDistanceTable = new StringDistanceTable();
        final RegionMapper defaultRegionMapper = rmb.build();

        Splitter bar = Splitter.on('_');

        List<Row.R4<List<String>, List<String>, Integer, Boolean>>[] sorted = new ArrayList[3];
        sorted[0] = new ArrayList<>();
        sorted[1] = new ArrayList<>();
        sorted[2] = new ArrayList<>();

        // sort the rules so that the language-only are first, then the language-script, and finally the language-script-region.
        for (R4<String, String, Integer, Boolean> info : xGetLanguageMatcherData()) {
            String desiredRaw = info.get0();
            String supportedRaw = info.get1();
            List<String> desired = bar.splitToList(desiredRaw);
            List<String> supported = bar.splitToList(supportedRaw);
            Boolean oneway = info.get3();
            Integer percentRaw = desiredRaw.equals("*_*") ? 50 : info.get2();
            final int distance = 100 - percentRaw;
            int size = desired.size();

            // for now, skip size == 3
            if (size == 3) continue;

            sorted[size - 1].add(Row.of(desired, supported, distance, oneway));
        }

        for (List<Row.R4<List<String>, List<String>, Integer, Boolean>> item1 : sorted) {
            int debug = 0;
            for (Row.R4<List<String>, List<String>, Integer, Boolean> item2 : item1) {
                List<String> desired = item2.get0();
                List<String> supported = item2.get1();
                Integer distance = item2.get2();
                Boolean oneway = item2.get3();
                add(defaultDistanceTable, desired, supported, distance);
                if (oneway != Boolean.TRUE && !desired.equals(supported)) {
                    add(defaultDistanceTable, supported, desired, distance);
                }
                printMatchXml(desired, supported, distance, oneway);
            }
        }

        // add new size=3
        for (String[] rule : regionRuleOverrides) {
//            if (PRINT_OVERRIDES) System.out.println("\t\t\t<languageMatch desired=\""
//                + rule[0]
//                    + "\" supported=\""
//                    + rule[1]
//                        + "\" distance=\""
//                        + rule[2]
//                            + "\"/>");
            if (rule[0].equals("en_*_*") || rule[1].equals("*_*_*")) {
                int debug = 0;
            }
            List<String> desiredBase = new ArrayList<>(bar.splitToList(rule[0]));
            List<String> supportedBase = new ArrayList<>(bar.splitToList(rule[1]));
            Integer distance = 100 - Integer.parseInt(rule[2]);
            printMatchXml(desiredBase, supportedBase, distance, false);

            Collection<String> desiredRegions = defaultRegionMapper.getIdsFromVariable(desiredBase.get(2));
            if (desiredRegions.isEmpty()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad region variable: " + desiredBase.get(2));
            }
            Collection<String> supportedRegions = defaultRegionMapper.getIdsFromVariable(supportedBase.get(2));
            if (supportedRegions.isEmpty()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad region variable: " + supportedBase.get(2));
            }
            for (String desiredRegion2 : desiredRegions) {
                desiredBase.set(2, desiredRegion2.toString()); // fix later
                for (String supportedRegion2 : supportedRegions) {
                    supportedBase.set(2, supportedRegion2.toString()); // fix later
                    add(defaultDistanceTable, desiredBase, supportedBase, distance);
                    add(defaultDistanceTable, supportedBase, desiredBase, distance);
                }
            }
        }
        if (PRINT_OVERRIDES) {
            System.out.println("\t\t</languageMatches>");
        }

        DEFAULT = new XLocaleDistance(defaultDistanceTable.compact(), defaultRegionMapper);

        if (false && PRINT_OVERRIDES) {
            System.out.println(defaultRegionMapper);
            System.out.println(defaultDistanceTable);
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    }

    private static void printMatchXml(List<String> desired, List<String> supported, Integer distance, Boolean oneway) {
        if (PRINT_OVERRIDES) {
            String desiredStr = CollectionUtilities.join(desired, "_");
            String supportedStr = CollectionUtilities.join(supported, "_");
            String desiredName = fixedName(desired);
            String supportedName = fixedName(supported);
            System.out.println("\t\t\t<languageMatch"
                + " desired=\"" + desiredStr
                + "\"\tsupported=\"" + supportedStr
                + "\"\tdistance=\"" + distance
                + (!oneway ? "" : "\"\toneway=\"true")
                + "\"/>\t<!-- " + desiredName + " ⇒ " + supportedName + " -->");
        }
    }

    private static String fixedName(List<String> match) {
        List<String> alt = new ArrayList<String>(match);
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        switch (alt.size()) {
        case 3:
            String region = alt.get(2);
            if (region.equals("*") || region.startsWith("$")) {
                result.append(region);
            } else {
                result.append(english.getName(CLDRFile.TERRITORY_NAME, region));
            }
        case 2:
            String script = alt.get(1);
            if (script.equals("*")) {
                result.insert(0, script);
            } else {
                result.insert(0, english.getName(CLDRFile.TERRITORY_NAME, script));
            }
        case 1:
            String language = alt.get(0);
            if (language.equals("*")) {
                result.insert(0, language);
            } else {
                result.insert(0, english.getName(CLDRFile.TERRITORY_NAME, language));
            }
        }
        return CollectionUtilities.join(alt, "; ");
    }

    static public void add(StringDistanceTable languageDesired2Supported, List<String> desired, List<String> supported, int percentage) {
        int size = desired.size();
        if (size != supported.size() || size < 1 || size > 3) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        final String desiredLang = fixAny(desired.get(0));
        final String supportedLang = fixAny(supported.get(0));
        if (size == 1) {
            languageDesired2Supported.addSubtable(desiredLang, supportedLang, percentage);
        } else {
            final String desiredScript = fixAny(desired.get(1));
            final String supportedScript = fixAny(supported.get(1));
            if (size == 2) {
                languageDesired2Supported.addSubtables(desiredLang, supportedLang, desiredScript, supportedScript, percentage);
            } else {
                final String desiredRegion = fixAny(desired.get(2));
                final String supportedRegion = fixAny(supported.get(2));
                languageDesired2Supported.addSubtables(desiredLang, supportedLang, desiredScript, supportedScript, desiredRegion, supportedRegion, percentage);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return toString(false);
    }

    public String toString(boolean abbreviate) {
        return regionMapper + "\n" + languageDesired2Supported.toString(abbreviate);
    }

//    public static XLocaleDistance createDefaultInt() {
//        IntDistanceTable d = new IntDistanceTable(DEFAULT_DISTANCE_TABLE);
//        return new XLocaleDistance(d, DEFAULT_REGION_MAPPER);
//    }

    static Set<String> getContainingMacrosFor(Collection<String> input, Set<String> output) {
        output.clear();
        for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> entry : CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED.asMap().entrySet()) {
            if (input.containsAll(entry.getValue())) { // example; if all southern Europe are contained, then add S. Europe
                output.add(entry.getKey());
            }
        }
        return output;
    }

    static class RegionMapper implements IdMapper<String, String> {
        /**
         * Used for processing rules. At the start we have a variable setting like $A1=US+CA+MX. We generate a mapping from $A1 to a set of partitions {P1, P2}
         * When we hit a rule that contains a variable, we replace that rule by multiple rules for the partitions.
         */
        final Multimap<String, String> variableToPartition;
        /**
         * Used for executing the rules. We map a region to a partition before processing.
         */
        final Map<String, String> regionToPartition;
        /**
         * Used to support es_419 compared to es_AR, etc.
         * @param variableToPartitionIn
         * @param regionToPartitionIn
         */
        final Multimap<String, String> macroToPartitions;
        /**
         * Used to get the paradigm region for a cluster, if there is one
         */
        final ImmutableSet<ULocale> paradigms;

        private RegionMapper(
            Multimap<String, String> variableToPartitionIn,
            Map<String, String> regionToPartitionIn,
            Multimap<String, String> macroToPartitionsIn,
            Set<ULocale> paradigmsIn) {
            variableToPartition = ImmutableMultimap.copyOf(variableToPartitionIn);
            regionToPartition = ImmutableMap.copyOf(regionToPartitionIn);
            macroToPartitions = ImmutableMultimap.copyOf(macroToPartitionsIn);
            paradigms = ImmutableSet.copyOf(paradigmsIn);
        }

        public String toId(String region) {
            String result = regionToPartition.get(region);
            return result == null ? "" : result;
        }

        public Collection<String> getIdsFromVariable(String variable) {
            if (variable.equals("*")) {
                return Collections.singleton("*");
            }
            Collection<String> result = variableToPartition.get(variable);
            if (result == null || result.isEmpty()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Variable not defined: " + variable);
            }
            return result;
        }

        public Set<String> regions() {
            return regionToPartition.keySet();
        }

        public Set<String> variables() {
            return variableToPartition.keySet();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            TreeMultimap<String, String> partitionToVariables = Multimaps.invertFrom(variableToPartition, TreeMultimap.create());
            TreeMultimap<String, String> partitionToRegions = TreeMultimap.create();
            for (Entry<String, String> e : regionToPartition.entrySet()) {
                partitionToRegions.put(e.getValue(), e.getKey());
            }
            StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
            buffer.append("Partition ➠ Variables ➠ Regions (final)");
            for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> e : partitionToVariables.asMap().entrySet()) {
                buffer.append('\n');
                buffer.append(e.getKey() + "\t" + e.getValue() + "\t" + partitionToRegions.get(e.getKey()));
            }
            buffer.append("\nMacro ➠ Partitions");
            for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> e : macroToPartitions.asMap().entrySet()) {
                buffer.append('\n');
                buffer.append(e.getKey() + "\t" + e.getValue());
            }

            return buffer.toString();
        }

        static class Builder {
            final private Multimap<String, String> regionToRawPartition = TreeMultimap.create();
            final private RegionSet regionSet = new RegionSet();
            final private Set<ULocale> paradigms = new LinkedHashSet<>();

            void add(String variable, String barString) {
                Set<String> tempRegions = regionSet.parseSet(barString);

                for (String region : tempRegions) {
                    regionToRawPartition.put(region, variable);
                }

                // now add the inverse variable

                Set<String> inverse = regionSet.inverse();
                String inverseVariable = "$!" + variable.substring(1);
                for (String region : inverse) {
                    regionToRawPartition.put(region, inverseVariable);
                }
            }

            public Builder addParadigms(String... paradigmRegions) {
                for (String paradigm : paradigmRegions) {
                    paradigms.add(new ULocale(paradigm));
                }
                return this;
            }

            RegionMapper build() {
                final IdMakerFull<Collection<String>> id = new IdMakerFull<>("partition");
                Multimap<String, String> variableToPartitions = TreeMultimap.create();
                Map<String, String> regionToPartition = new TreeMap<>();
                Multimap<String, String> partitionToRegions = TreeMultimap.create();

                for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> e : regionToRawPartition.asMap().entrySet()) {
                    final String region = e.getKey();
                    final Collection<String> rawPartition = e.getValue();
                    String partition = String.valueOf((char) ('α' + id.add(rawPartition)));

                    regionToPartition.put(region, partition);
                    partitionToRegions.put(partition, region);

                    for (String variable : rawPartition) {
                        variableToPartitions.put(variable, partition);
                    }
                }

                // we get a mapping of each macro to the partitions it intersects with
                Multimap<String, String> macroToPartitions = TreeMultimap.create();
                for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> e : CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED.asMap().entrySet()) {
                    String macro = e.getKey();
                    for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> e2 : partitionToRegions.asMap().entrySet()) {
                        String partition = e2.getKey();
                        if (!Collections.disjoint(e.getValue(), e2.getValue())) {
                            macroToPartitions.put(macro, partition);
                        }
                    }
                }

                return new RegionMapper(
                    variableToPartitions,
                    regionToPartition,
                    macroToPartitions,
                    paradigms);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parses a string of regions like "US+005-BR" and produces a set of resolved regions. 
     * All macroregions are fully resolved to sets of non-macro regions.
     * <br>Syntax is simple for now:
     * <pre>regionSet := region ([-+] region)*</pre>
     * No precedence, so "x+y-y+z" is (((x+y)-y)+z) NOT (x+y)-(y+z)
     */
    private static class RegionSet {
        private enum Operation {
            add, remove
        }

        // temporaries used in processing
        final private Set<String> tempRegions = new TreeSet<>();
        private Operation operation = null;

        private Set<String> parseSet(String barString) {
            operation = Operation.add;
            int last = 0;
            tempRegions.clear();
            int i = 0;
            for (; i < barString.length(); ++i) {
                char c = barString.charAt(i); // UTF16 is ok, since syntax is only ascii
                switch (c) {
                case '+':
                    add(barString, last, i);
                    last = i + 1;
                    operation = Operation.add;
                    break;
                case '-':
                    add(barString, last, i);
                    last = i + 1;
                    operation = Operation.remove;
                    break;
                }
            }
            add(barString, last, i);
            return tempRegions;
        }

        private Set<String> inverse() {
            TreeSet<String> result = new TreeSet<>(ALL_FINAL_REGIONS);
            result.removeAll(tempRegions);
            return result;
        }

        private void add(String barString, int last, int i) {
            if (i > last) {
                String region = barString.substring(last, i);
                changeSet(operation, region);
            }
        }

        private void changeSet(Operation operation, String region) {
            Collection<String> contained = CONTAINER_TO_CONTAINED_FINAL.get(region);
            if (contained != null && !contained.isEmpty()) {
                if (Operation.add == operation) {
                    tempRegions.addAll(contained);
                } else {
                    tempRegions.removeAll(contained);
                }
            } else if (Operation.add == operation) {
                tempRegions.add(region);
            } else {
                tempRegions.remove(region);
            }
        }
    }

    public static <K, V> Multimap<K, V> invertMap(Map<V, K> map) {
        return Multimaps.invertFrom(Multimaps.forMap(map), ArrayListMultimap.create());
    }

    public Set<ULocale> getParadigms() {
        return regionMapper.paradigms;
    }

    public int getDefaultLanguageDistance() {
        return defaultLanguageDistance;
    }

    public int getDefaultScriptDistance() {
        return defaultScriptDistance;
    }

    public int getDefaultRegionDistance() {
        return defaultRegionDistance;
    }

    static class CompactAndImmutablizer extends IdMakerFull<Object> {
        StringDistanceTable compact(StringDistanceTable item) {
            if (toId(item) != null) {
                return (StringDistanceTable) intern(item);
            }
            return new StringDistanceTable(compact(item.subtables, 0));
        }

        <K, T> Map<K, T> compact(Map<K, T> item, int level) {
            if (toId(item) != null) {
                return (Map<K, T>) intern(item);
            }
            Map<K, T> copy = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            for (Entry<K, T> entry : item.entrySet()) {
                T value = entry.getValue();
                if (value instanceof Map) {
                    copy.put(entry.getKey(), (T) compact((Map) value, level + 1));
                } else {
                    copy.put(entry.getKey(), (T) compact((DistanceNode) value));
                }
            }
            return ImmutableMap.copyOf(copy);
        }

        DistanceNode compact(DistanceNode item) {
            if (toId(item) != null) {
                return (DistanceNode) intern(item);
            }
            final DistanceTable distanceTable = item.getDistanceTable();
            if (distanceTable == null || distanceTable.isEmpty()) {
                return new DistanceNode(item.distance);
            } else {
                return new StringDistanceNode(item.distance, compact((StringDistanceTable) ((StringDistanceNode) item).distanceTable));
            }
        }
    }

    @Deprecated
    public StringDistanceTable internalGetDistanceTable() {
        return (StringDistanceTable) languageDesired2Supported;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//      for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> entry : containerToContained.asMap().entrySet()) {
//          System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "\t⥢" + entry.getValue() + "; " + containerToFinalContained.get(entry.getKey()));
//      }
//      final Multimap<String,String> regionToMacros = ImmutableMultimap.copyOf(Multimaps.invertFrom(containerToContained, TreeMultimap.create()));
//      for (Entry<String, Collection<String>> entry : regionToMacros.asMap().entrySet()) {
//          System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "\t⥤ " + entry.getValue());
//      }
        if (PRINT_OVERRIDES) {
            System.out.println(getDefault().toString(true));
        }
        DistanceTable table = getDefault().languageDesired2Supported;
        DistanceTable compactedTable = table.compact();
        if (!table.equals(compactedTable)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Compaction isn't equal");
        }
    }
}
