package org.unicode.cldr.draft;

import java.text.ParsePosition;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.unicode.cldr.draft.StateMachine.StateAction;
import org.unicode.cldr.draft.StateMachine.StateObjectBuilderFactory;

import com.ibm.icu.dev.util.UnicodeMap;
import com.ibm.icu.text.UTF16;
import com.ibm.icu.text.UnicodeSet;

public class StateMachineBuilder<T> {
    private static final UnicodeSet WHITESPACE = (UnicodeSet) new UnicodeSet("[:Pattern_Whitespace:]").freeze();
    private static final UnicodeSet XID_START = (UnicodeSet) new UnicodeSet("[:XID_Start:]").freeze();
    private static final UnicodeSet XID_PART = (UnicodeSet) new UnicodeSet("[-[:XID_Continue:]]").freeze();

    // TODO intern the actions

    private short currentState = StateMachine.UNDEFINED;
    private UnicodeMap<StateAction> currentMap = null;
    private List<UnicodeMap> stateToData = new ArrayList<UnicodeMap>();
    private ParsePosition parsePosition = new ParsePosition(0);
    private Map<String, UnicodeSet> variables = new LinkedHashMap<String, UnicodeSet>();

    private Map<String, Short> stateToNumber = new LinkedHashMap<String, Short>();
    private List<String> numberToState = new ArrayList<String>();
    private Map<String, Short> actionToNumber = new LinkedHashMap<String, Short>();
    private List<String> numberToAction = new ArrayList<String>();

    private StateAction defaultAction;

    {
        add("eof:=[\\uFFFF]");
    }

    public StateMachine<T> build(StateObjectBuilderFactory<T> factory) {
        Set<String> missingStates = new HashSet<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < stateToData.size(); ++i) {
            UnicodeMap action = stateToData.get(i);
            if (action == null) {
                missingStates.add(numberToState.get(i));
            }
        }
        if (missingStates.size() > 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing states: " + missingStates);
        }
        fixDefaultAction();
        return new StateMachine<T>(stateToData, factory, numberToState, numberToAction);
    }

    // build state machines with rules on icu4c-trunk/source/common/rbbirpt.txt
    //@formatter:off
/**
#
# Here is the syntax of the state definitions in this file:
#
#
#StateName:
#   input-char           n next-state           ^push-state     action    
#   input-char           n next-state           ^push-state     action    
#       |                |   |                      |             |
#       |                |   |                      |             |--- action to be performed by state machine
#       |                |   |                      |                  See function RBBIRuleScanner::doParseActions()
#       |                |   |                      |
#       |                |   |                      |--- Push this named state onto the state stack.
#       |                |   |                           Later, when next state is specified as "pop",
#       |                |   |                           the pushed state will become the current state.
#       |                |   |
#       |                |   |--- Transition to this state if the current input character matches the input
#       |                |        character or char class in the left hand column.  "pop" causes the next
#       |                |        state to be popped from the state stack.
#       |                |
#       |                |--- When making the state transition specified on this line, advance to the next
#       |                     character from the input only if 'n' appears here.
#       |
#       |--- Character or named character classes to test for.  If the current character being scanned
#            matches, peform the actions and go to the state specified on this line.
#            The input character is tested sequentally, in the order written.  The characters and
#            character classes tested for do not need to be mutually exclusive.  The first match wins.
#            
Example:
#
#  start state, scan position is at the beginning of the rules file, or in between two rules.
#
start:
    escaped                term                  ^break-rule-end    doExprStart                       
    white_space          n start                     
    '$'                    scan-var-name         ^assign-or-rule    doExprStart
    '!'                  n rev-option                             
    ';'                  n start                                                  # ignore empty rules.
    eof                    exit              
    default                term                  ^break-rule-end    doExprStart
*/
//@formatter:on
    void add(String rules) {
        for (String rule : rules.split("[\r\n]")) {
            rule = rule.trim();
            // TODO allow # in the first field
            int commentPos = rule.indexOf('#');
            if (commentPos >= 0 && !rule.startsWith("'#")) {
                rule = rule.substring(0, commentPos).trim();
            }
            if (rule.length() == 0) {
                continue; // skip null lines
            }
            parsePosition.setIndex(0);
            if (rule.endsWith(":")) {
                if (currentState >= 0) {
                    fixDefaultAction();
                }
                String stateString = scanForVariable(rule, parsePosition);
                scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                checkAndSkip(rule, ":", "Malformed state label: ");
                currentState = getStateNumber(stateString);
                if (currentState < 0) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot define reserved state: " + rule);
                }
                if (stateToData.size() > currentState && stateToData.get(currentState) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot define state twice: " + rule);
                }
                currentMap = new UnicodeMap<StateAction>();
                while (stateToData.size() <= currentState) {
                    stateToData.add(null); // TODO make this more efficient
                }
                stateToData.set(currentState, currentMap);
            } else if (rule.contains(":=")) {
                String variable = scanForVariable(rule, parsePosition);
                if (variables.containsKey(variable)) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot redefine variable: " + rule);
                }
                scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                checkAndSkip(rule, ":=", "Malformed variable rule: ");
                scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                UnicodeSet value = getUnicodeSet(rule);
                variables.put(variable, value);
            } else {
                UnicodeSet set = getUnicodeSet(rule);
                // first field is literal character, variable, or UnicodeSet
                StateAction action = new StateAction();

                // now get the remaining terms
                // could have 'n' nextstate, OR nextstate
                // would be cleaner syntax if the n were after the state
                scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                String item = scanForVariable(rule, parsePosition);
                if (item.equals("n")) {
                    action.advanceToNextCodePoint = true;
                    scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                    item = scanForVariable(rule, parsePosition);
                }
                action.nextState = getStateNumber(item);

                scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                int index = parsePosition.getIndex();
                if (index < rule.length()) {
                    if (rule.charAt(index) == '^') {
                        parsePosition.setIndex(parsePosition.getIndex() + 1); // skip cp
                        scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                        item = scanForVariable(rule, parsePosition);
                        action.pushState = getStateNumber(item);
                        scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
                    }

                    item = scanForVariable(rule, parsePosition);
                    if (item.length() > 0) {
                        action.action = getItemNumber(item, actionToNumber, numberToAction);
                    }
                }
                if (set == null) { // default case
                    if (defaultAction != null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot have more than one defaultAction: " + rule);
                    } else {
                        defaultAction = action;
                    }
                } else {
                    currentMap.putAll(set, action);
                }
            }
            // check for junk at end
            scanOver(rule, WHITESPACE, parsePosition);
            if (parsePosition.getIndex() != rule.length()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Extra stuff at end: " + rule);
            }
        }
    }

    // invariants:
    // must have a default case for every state
    // first state must be "start"
    // pop and exit are special

    private short getStateNumber(String stateString) {
        if (stateString.equals("pop")) {
            return StateMachine.POP;
        } else if (stateString.equals("exit")) {
            return StateMachine.EXIT;
        } else if (stateString.equals("errorDeath")) {
            return StateMachine.ERROR;
        }
        return getItemNumber(stateString, stateToNumber, numberToState);
    }

    private void fixDefaultAction() {
        if (defaultAction == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing default action for: " + numberToState.get(currentState));
        } else {
            currentMap.putAll(currentMap.keySet(null), defaultAction);
            defaultAction = null;
        }
    }

    private void checkAndSkip(String rule, String checkAndSkip, String errorMessage) {
        if (!rule.regionMatches(parsePosition.getIndex(), checkAndSkip, 0, checkAndSkip.length())) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(errorMessage + rule);
        }
        parsePosition.setIndex(parsePosition.getIndex() + checkAndSkip.length()); // skip cp
    }

    private UnicodeSet getUnicodeSet(String rule) {
        UnicodeSet set;
        if (rule.startsWith("'")) {
            // TODO: handle escaped ''
            int cp = UTF16.charAt(rule, 1);
            int charCount = UTF16.getCharCount(cp);
            if (rule.charAt(1 + charCount) != '\'') {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal literal character in: " + rule);
            }
            parsePosition.setIndex(2 + charCount);
            set = new UnicodeSet(cp, cp);
        } else if (UnicodeSet.resemblesPattern(rule, parsePosition.getIndex())) {
            set = new UnicodeSet(rule, parsePosition, null, 0);
        } else {
            String variable = scanForVariable(rule, parsePosition);
            if (variable.equals("default")) {
                return null;
            }
            set = variables.get(variable);
            if (set == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Variable used before defined: " + rule);
            }
        }
        return set;
    }

    private short getItemNumber(String item, Map<String, Short> itemToNumber, List<String> numberToItem) {
        Short result = itemToNumber.get(item);
        if (result == null) {
            result = (short) itemToNumber.size();
            itemToNumber.put(item, result);
            numberToItem.add(item);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static int scanOver(String string, UnicodeSet set, ParsePosition parsePosition) {
        int i;
        for (i = parsePosition.getIndex(); i < string.length();) {
            // TODO make this public API
            // fix description: returns the new index, and may be index -1
            int match = set.matchesAt(string, i);
            if (match >= i) {
                i = match;
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        parsePosition.setIndex(i);
        return i;
    }

    public static String scanForVariable(String rule, ParsePosition parsePosition) {
        int start = parsePosition.getIndex();
        if (start < 0 || start >= rule.length()) {
            return "";
        }
        int match = XID_START.matchesAt(rule, start);
        if (match <= start) {
            return "";
        }
        parsePosition.setIndex(match);
        scanOver(rule, XID_PART, parsePosition);
        return rule.substring(start, parsePosition.getIndex());
    }
}
