package org.unicode.cldr.icu;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.unicode.cldr.draft.FileUtilities;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.CLDRFile;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.CldrUtility.VariableReplacer;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.RegexLookup;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.RegexLookup.Finder;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.RegexLookup.Merger;
import org.unicode.cldr.util.RegexLookup.RegexFinder;

import com.ibm.icu.impl.Row.R2;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.Row.R3;
import com.ibm.icu.text.Transform;
import com.ibm.icu.text.UnicodeSet;
import com.ibm.icu.util.Output;

/**
 * A class for loading and managing the xpath converters used to map CLDR data
 * to ICU.
 * @author jchye
 */
class RegexManager {
    private static final Pattern SEMI = Pattern.compile("\\s*+;\\s*+");
    private static final Pattern FUNCTION_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\&(\\w++)\\(([^\\)]++)\\)");
    private static final Pattern QUOTES = Pattern.compile("\"([^\"]++)\"");
    private static final UnicodeSet SPACE_CHARACTERS = new UnicodeSet(
        "[\\u0000\\uFEFF[:pattern_whitespace:]]");
    // Matches arguments with or without enclosing quotes.
    private static final Pattern ARGUMENT = Pattern.compile("[<\"]?\\$(\\d)[\">]?");

    private static Map<String, Function> functionMap = new HashMap<String, Function>();

    private String converterFile;
    private Map<String, RegexResult> unprocessedMatchers;
    private Map<String, String> xpathVariables;
    private VariableReplacer cldrVariables;

    static class FullMatcher extends RegexFinder {
        public FullMatcher(String pattern) {
            super(pattern);
        }

        public boolean find(String item, Object context) {
            return matcher.reset(item).matches();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Wrapper class for functions that need to be performed on CLDR values as
     * part of the ICU conversion,
     */
    static abstract class Function {
        int maxArgs;

        /**
         * @param maxArgs
         *            the maximum number of args that can be passed to this function,
         *            or a negative number if there is no limit.
         */
        Function(int maxArgs) {
            this.maxArgs = maxArgs;
        }

        /**
         * Processes a comma-delimited list of arguments.
         * 
         * @param arg
         * @return
         */
        public String process(String arg) {
            String[] args = arg.split(",");
            if (maxArgs > -1 && args.length > maxArgs) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Function has too many args: expected "
                    + maxArgs + " but got (" + arg + ")");
            }
            return run(args);
        }

        /**
         * Runs the function on a list of arguments.
         * 
         * @return the resultant string
         */
        abstract String run(String... args);
    }

    /**
     * A wrapper class for storing and working with the unprocessed path-value pairs of a RegexResult.
     */
    static class PathValueInfo {
        private String rbPath;
        private String valueArg;
        private String groupKey;
        private String baseXPath;
        private int splitRbPathArg;

        /**
         * @param rbPath
         *            the rbPath expression to be used for this set of path-value pairs.
         * @param instructions
         *            any special instructions to be carried out on this set of path-value pairs
         * @param splitRbPathArg
         *            if applicable, the number of the argument in the rbPath
         *            expression that needs to be split to create multiple rbPaths, each with the same value
         */
        public PathValueInfo(String rbPath, Map<String, String> instructions, int splitRbPathArg) {
            this.rbPath = rbPath;
            this.valueArg = instructions.get("values");
            this.groupKey = instructions.get("group");
            this.baseXPath = instructions.get("base_xpath");
            this.splitRbPathArg = splitRbPathArg;
        }

        /**
         * @param arguments
         *            the arguments retrieved from the regex corresponding to this PathValueInfo
         * @return the processed rb path
         */
        public String processRbPath(String[] arguments) {
            String path = processString(rbPath, arguments);
            // Replace slashes in metazone names,
            // e.g. "America/Argentina/La_Rioja"
            Matcher matcher = QUOTES.matcher(path);
            if (matcher.find()) {
                path = path.substring(0, matcher.start(1))
                    + matcher.group(1).replace('/', ':')
                    + path.substring(matcher.end(1));
            }
            return path;
        }

        public String processGroupKey(String[] arguments) {
            return processString(groupKey, arguments);
        }

        public List<String> processValues(String[] arguments, String cldrValue) {
            if (valueArg == null) {
                List<String> values = new ArrayList<String>();
                values.add(cldrValue);
                return values;
            }
            // Split single args using spaces.
            String processedValue = processValue(valueArg, cldrValue, arguments);
            return splitValues(processedValue);
        }

        public String processXPath(String[] arguments, String xpath) {
            if (baseXPath != null) {
                return processString(baseXPath, arguments);
            } else {
                return xpath;
            }
        }

        private List<String> splitValues(String unsplitValues) {
            // Split up values using spaces unless enclosed by non-escaped quotes,
            // e.g. a "b \" c" would become {"a", "b \" c"}
            List<String> args = new ArrayList<String>();
            StringBuffer valueBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            boolean shouldSplit = true;
            char lastChar = ' ';
            for (char c : unsplitValues.toCharArray()) {
                // Normalize whitespace input.
                if (SPACE_CHARACTERS.contains(c)) {
                    c = ' ';
                }
                if (c == '"' && lastChar != '\\') {
                    shouldSplit = !shouldSplit;
                } else if (c == ' ') {
                    if (lastChar == ' ') {
                        // Do nothing.
                    } else if (shouldSplit) {
                        args.add(valueBuffer.toString());
                        valueBuffer.setLength(0);
                    } else {
                        valueBuffer.append(c);
                    }
                } else {
                    valueBuffer.append(c);
                }
                lastChar = c;
            }
            if (valueBuffer.length() > 0) {
                args.add(valueBuffer.toString());
            }
            return args;
        }

        private String processValue(String value, String cldrValue, String[] arguments) {
            value = processString(value, arguments);
            Matcher matcher = FUNCTION_PATTERN.matcher(value);
            if (matcher.find()) {
                int index = 0;
                StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
                do {
                    buffer.append(value.substring(index, matcher.start()));
                    String fnName = matcher.group(1);
                    String fnArgs = matcher.group(2);
                    String result = functionMap.get(fnName).process(fnArgs);
                    buffer.append(result);
                    index = matcher.end();
                } while (matcher.find());
                buffer.append(value.substring(index));
                // System.out.println(value + " to " + buffer.toString());
                value = buffer.toString();
            }
            if (value.contains("{value}")) {
                value = value.replace("{value}", cldrValue);
            }
            return value;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return rbPath + "=" + valueArg;
        }

        public int getSplitRbPathArg() {
            return splitRbPathArg;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o instanceof PathValueInfo) {
                PathValueInfo otherInfo = (PathValueInfo) o;
                return rbPath.equals(otherInfo.rbPath)
                    && valueArg.equals(otherInfo.valueArg);
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    private static String processString(String value, String[] arguments) {
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            return RegexLookup.replace(value, arguments);
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error while filling out arguments in " + value + " with "
                + Arrays.asList(arguments), e);
        }
    }

    static class RegexResult implements Iterable<PathValueInfo> {

        private Set<PathValueInfo> unprocessed;

        public RegexResult() {
            unprocessed = new HashSet<PathValueInfo>();
        }

        public void add(String rbPath, Map<String, String> instructions,
            int splitRbPathArg) {
            unprocessed.add(new PathValueInfo(rbPath, instructions, splitRbPathArg));
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator<PathValueInfo> iterator() {
            return unprocessed.iterator();
        }
    }

    static class CldrArray {
        // Map of xpaths to values and group key.
        private Map<String, R2<List<String>, String>> map;

        public CldrArray() {
            map = new HashMap<String, R2<List<String>, String>>();
        }

        public void put(String key, List<String> values, String groupKey) {
            map.put(key, new R2<List<String>, String>(values, groupKey));
        }

        public void add(String key, String[] values, String groupKey) {
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
            for (String value : values) {
                list.add(value);
            }
            put(key, list, groupKey);
        }

        public void add(String key, String value, String groupKey) {
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
            list.add(value);
            put(key, list, groupKey);
        }

        public void addAll(CldrArray otherArray) {
            // HACK: narrow alias to abbreviated. Remove after CLDR data fixed.
            for (String otherKey : otherArray.map.keySet()) {
                String narrowPath = otherKey.replace("eraAbbr", "eraNarrow");
                if (!map.containsKey(narrowPath)) {
                    map.put(narrowPath, otherArray.map.get(otherKey));
                }

            }
        }

        public boolean findKey(Finder finder) {
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                if (finder.find(key, null)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        public List<String[]> sortValues(Comparator<String> comparator) {
            List<String> sortedKeys = new ArrayList<String>(map.keySet());
            Collections.sort(sortedKeys, comparator);
            List<String[]> sortedValues = new ArrayList<String[]>();
            // Group isArray for the same xpath together.
            List<String> arrayValues = new ArrayList<String>();
            for (int i = 0, len = sortedKeys.size(); i < len; i++) {
                String key = sortedKeys.get(i);
                R2<List<String>, String> currentEntry = map.get(key);
                List<String> values = currentEntry.get0();
                String groupKey = currentEntry.get1();
                if (groupKey == null) {
                    for (String value : values) {
                        sortedValues.add(new String[] { value });
                    }
                } else {
                    arrayValues.addAll(values);
                    String nextKey = null;
                    if (i < len - 1) {
                        nextKey = map.get(sortedKeys.get(i + 1)).get1();
                    }
                    if (!groupKey.equals(nextKey)) {
                        sortedValues.add(toArray(arrayValues));
                        arrayValues.clear();
                    }
                }
            }
            return sortedValues;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts a list into an Array.
     */
    static String[] toArray(List<String> list) {
        String[] array = new String[list.size()];
        list.toArray(array);
        return array;
    }

    private static Transform<String, Finder> regexTransform = new Transform<String, Finder>() {
        @Override
        public Finder transform(String source) {
            return new FullMatcher(source);
        }
    };

    Map<String, Function> addFunction(String fnName, Function function) {
        functionMap.put(fnName, function);
        return functionMap;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if two strings match a specified pattern.
     * 
     * @param pattern
     *            the pattern to be matched against
     * @param arg0
     * @param arg1
     * @param matchers
     *            a 2-element array to contain the two matchers. The
     *            array is not guaranteed to be filled if matches() returns false
     * @return true if both strings successfully matched the pattern
     */
    static boolean matches(Pattern pattern, String arg0, String arg1, Matcher[] matchers) {
        return (matchers[0] = pattern.matcher(arg0)).matches()
            && (matchers[1] = pattern.matcher(arg1)).matches();
    }

    /**
     * Outputs the list of debugging results returned from a RegexLookup.
     * Only the matches most similar to the specified xpath will be returned.
     * @param xpath
     * @param results
     */
    static void printLookupResults(String xpath, List<String> results) {
        if (results == null) return;
        System.out.println("Debugging " + xpath + ":");
        int[] haltPos = new int[results.size()];
        int furthestPos = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < haltPos.length; i++) {
            int pos = results.get(i).indexOf('\u2639'); // ☹
            haltPos[i] = pos;
            if (pos > furthestPos) furthestPos = pos;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < haltPos.length; i++) {
            if (haltPos[i] < furthestPos) continue;
            System.out.println(results.get(i));
        }
    }

    RegexLookup<FallbackInfo> fallbackConverter;
    RegexLookup<RegexResult> xpathConverter;

    // One FallbackInfo object for every type of rbPath.
    class FallbackInfo implements Iterable<R3<Finder, String, List<String>>> {
        // Fallback info in the order: xpath matcher, fallback xpath, fallback values.
        private List<R3<Finder, String, List<String>>> fallbackItems;
        private List<Integer> argsUsed; // list of args used by the rb pattern
        private int numXpathArgs; // Number of args in the xpath

        public FallbackInfo(List<Integer> argsUsed, int numXpathArgs) {
            fallbackItems = new ArrayList<R3<Finder, String, List<String>>>();
            this.argsUsed = argsUsed;
            this.numXpathArgs = numXpathArgs;
        }

        public void addItem(Finder xpathMatcher, String fallbackXpath, String[] fallbackValues) {
            List<String> values = new ArrayList<String>();
            for (String fallbackValue : fallbackValues) {
                values.add(fallbackValue);
            }
            fallbackItems.add(new R3<Finder, String, List<String>>(xpathMatcher, fallbackXpath, values));
        }

        /**
         * Takes in arguments obtained from a RegexLookup on a RB path and fleshes
         * it out for the corresponding xpath.
         * 
         * @param arguments
         * @return
         */
        public String[] getArgumentsForXpath(String[] arguments) {
            String[] output = new String[numXpathArgs + 1];
            output[0] = arguments[0];
            for (int i = 0; i < argsUsed.size(); i++) {
                output[argsUsed.get(i)] = arguments[i + 1];
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
                if (output[i] == null) output[i] = "x"; // dummy value
            }
            return output;
        }

        private R3<Finder, String, List<String>> getItem(Finder finder) {
            for (R3<Finder, String, List<String>> item : fallbackItems) {
                if (item.get0().equals(finder)) return item;
            }
            return null;
        }

        public FallbackInfo merge(FallbackInfo newInfo) {
            for (R3<Finder, String, List<String>> newItem : newInfo.fallbackItems) {
                R3<Finder, String, List<String>> item = getItem(newItem.get0());
                if (item == null) {
                    fallbackItems.add(newItem);
                } else {
                    item.get2().addAll(newItem.get2());
                }
            }
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator<R3<Finder, String, List<String>>> iterator() {
            return fallbackItems.iterator();
        }
    }

    /**
     * All child classes should call this constructor.
     * 
     * @param converterFile
     */
    RegexManager(String converterFile) {
        this.converterFile = converterFile;
        unprocessedMatchers = new HashMap<String, RegexResult>();
    }

    /**
     * @return a RegexLookup for matching rb paths that may require fallback
     *         values.
     */
    RegexLookup<FallbackInfo> getFallbackConverter() {
        if (fallbackConverter == null) {
            loadConverters();
        }
        return fallbackConverter;
    }

    /**
     * @return a RegexLookup for matching xpaths
     */
    RegexLookup<RegexResult> getPathConverter() {
        if (xpathConverter == null) {
            loadConverters();
        }
        return xpathConverter;
    }

    RegexLookup<RegexResult> getPathConverter(CLDRFile cldrFile) {
        RegexLookup<RegexResult> basePathConverter = getPathConverter();

        RegexLookup<RegexResult> processedPathConverter = new RegexLookup<RegexResult>()
            .setPatternTransform(regexTransform);
        cldrVariables = new VariableReplacer();
        for (Entry<String, String> entry : xpathVariables.entrySet()) {
            cldrVariables.add(entry.getKey(), cldrFile.getStringValue(entry.getValue()));
        }
        for (R2<Finder, RegexResult> entry : basePathConverter) {
            processedPathConverter.add(entry.get0(), entry.get1());
        }
        for (Entry<String, RegexResult> entry : unprocessedMatchers.entrySet()) {
            processedPathConverter.add(cldrVariables.replace(entry.getKey()),
                entry.getValue());
        }
        return processedPathConverter;
    }

    private void loadConverters() {
        xpathConverter = new RegexLookup<RegexResult>()
            .setPatternTransform(regexTransform);
        fallbackConverter = new RegexLookup<FallbackInfo>()
            .setValueMerger(new Merger<FallbackInfo>() {
                @Override
                public FallbackInfo merge(FallbackInfo a, FallbackInfo into) {
                    return into.merge(a);
                }
            });
        xpathVariables = new HashMap<String, String>();
        BufferedReader reader = FileUtilities.openFile(NewLdml2IcuConverter.class, converterFile);
        VariableReplacer variables = new VariableReplacer();
        Finder xpathMatcher = null;
        RegexResult regexResult = null;
        String line = null;
        int lineNum = 0;
        try {
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                lineNum++;
                line = line.trim();
                // Skip comments.
                if (line.length() == 0 || line.startsWith("#")) continue;
                // Read variables.
                if (line.charAt(0) == '%') {
                    int pos = line.indexOf("=");
                    if (pos < 0) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
                    }
                    String varName = line.substring(0, pos).trim();
                    String varValue = line.substring(pos + 1).trim();
                    // Variables representing xpaths should be replaced later on.
                    if (varValue.startsWith("//")) {
                        xpathVariables.put(varName, varValue);
                    } else {
                        variables.add(varName, varValue);
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if (line.contains("%")) {
                    line = variables.replace(line);
                }
                // if line still contains "%", still unprocessed
                // Process a line in the input file for xpath conversion.
                String[] content = line.split(SEMI.toString());
                // xpath ; rbPath ; value
                // Create a reverse lookup for rbPaths to xpaths.
                if (!line.startsWith(";")) {
                    if (regexResult != null) {
                        if (xpathMatcher.toString().contains("%")) {
                            unprocessedMatchers.put(xpathMatcher.toString(), regexResult);
                        } else {
                            xpathConverter.add(xpathMatcher, regexResult);
                        }
                    }
                    xpathMatcher = new FullMatcher(content[0].replace("[@", "\\[@"));
                    regexResult = new RegexResult();
                }
                if (content.length > 1) {
                    addConverterEntry(xpathMatcher, content, regexResult);
                }
            }
            xpathConverter.add(xpathMatcher, regexResult);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Error reading " + converterFile + " at line " + lineNum + ": " + line);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void addConverterEntry(Finder xpathMatcher, String[] content,
        RegexResult regexResult) {
        String rbPath = content[1];
        // Find arguments in rbPath.
        Matcher matcher = ARGUMENT.matcher(rbPath);
        int splitRbPathArg = -1;
        while (matcher.find()) {
            char startChar = rbPath.charAt(matcher.start());
            char endChar = rbPath.charAt(matcher.end() - 1);
            boolean shouldSplit = !(startChar == '"' && endChar == '"' ||
                startChar == '<' && endChar == '>');
            if (shouldSplit) {
                splitRbPathArg = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1));
                break;
            }
        }

        // Parse remaining special instructions.
        Map<String, String> instructions = new HashMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 2; i < content.length; i++) {
            String[] instruction = content[i].split("=", 2);
            if (instruction[0].equals("fallback")) {
                // WARNING: fallback might backfire if more than one type of xpath for the same rbpath
                addFallback(xpathMatcher, rbPath, instruction[1]);
            } else {
                instructions.put(instruction[0], instruction[1]);
            }
        }
        regexResult.add(rbPath, instructions, splitRbPathArg);
    }

    /**
     * Adds an entry to the fallback converter.
     * 
     * @param xpathMatcher
     *            the xpath matcher that determines if a fallback value
     *            is necessary
     * @param rbPath
     *            the rb path that the fallback value is for
     * @param fallbackValue
     *            the fallback value
     */
    private void addFallback(Finder xpathMatcher, String rbPath, String fallbackValue) {
        ArrayList<StringBuffer> args = new ArrayList<StringBuffer>();
        int numBraces = 0;
        int argNum = 0;
        // Create RB path matcher and xpath replacement.
        // WARNING: doesn't currently take lookaround groups into account.
        StringBuffer xpathReplacement = new StringBuffer();
        for (char c : xpathMatcher.toString().toCharArray()) {
            boolean isBrace = false;
            if (c == '(') {
                numBraces++;
                argNum++;
                args.add(new StringBuffer());
                isBrace = true;
                if (numBraces == 1) {
                    xpathReplacement.append('$').append(argNum);
                }
            }
            if (numBraces > 0) {
                for (int i = args.size() - numBraces; i < args.size(); i++) {
                    args.get(i).append(c);
                }
            }
            if (c == ')') {
                numBraces--;
                isBrace = true;
            }
            if (!isBrace && numBraces == 0) {
                xpathReplacement.append(c);
            }
        }
        String fallbackXpath = xpathReplacement.toString().replaceAll("\\\\\\[", "[");
        if (fallbackXpath.contains("(")) {
            System.err.println("Warning: malformed xpath " + fallbackXpath);
        }

        // Create rb matcher.
        Matcher matcher = ARGUMENT.matcher(rbPath);
        StringBuffer rbPattern = new StringBuffer();
        int lastIndex = 0;
        List<Integer> argsUsed = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        while (matcher.find()) {
            rbPattern.append(rbPath.substring(lastIndex, matcher.start()));
            argNum = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1));
            rbPattern.append(args.get(argNum - 1));
            argsUsed.add(argNum);
            lastIndex = matcher.end();
        }
        rbPattern.append(rbPath.substring(lastIndex));
        FallbackInfo info = new FallbackInfo(argsUsed, args.size());
        info.addItem(xpathMatcher, fallbackXpath, fallbackValue.split("\\s"));
        fallbackConverter.add(new FullMatcher(rbPattern.toString()), info);
    }

    void addFallbackValues(Map<String, CldrArray> pathValueMap) {
        addFallbackValues(null, pathValueMap);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if any fallback values are required and adds them to the specified
     * map.
     * 
     * @param pathValueMap
     */
    void addFallbackValues(CLDRFile cldrFile, Map<String, CldrArray> pathValueMap) {
        RegexLookup<FallbackInfo> fallbackConverter = getFallbackConverter();
        for (String rbPath : pathValueMap.keySet()) {
            Output<String[]> arguments = new Output<String[]>();
            FallbackInfo fallbackInfo = fallbackConverter.get(rbPath, null, arguments);
            if (fallbackInfo == null) continue;
            CldrArray values = pathValueMap.get(rbPath);
            for (R3<Finder, String, List<String>> info : fallbackInfo) {
                if (!values.findKey(info.get0())) {
                    // The fallback xpath is just for sorting purposes.
                    String fallbackXpath = processString(info.get1(),
                        fallbackInfo.getArgumentsForXpath(arguments.value));
                    // Sanity check.
                    if (fallbackXpath.contains("$")) {
                        System.err.println("Warning: " + fallbackXpath + " for " + rbPath +
                            " still contains unreplaced arguments.");
                    }
                    List<String> fallbackValues = info.get2();
                    List<String> valueList = new ArrayList<String>();
                    for (String value : fallbackValues) {
                        value = processString(value, arguments.value);
                        // Value is an xpath, so get real value from CLDRFile.
                        if (value.startsWith("//") && cldrFile != null) {
                            value = cldrFile.getStringValue(cldrVariables.replace(value));
                        }
                        valueList.add(value);
                    }
                    values.put(fallbackXpath, valueList, null);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    static CldrArray getCldrArray(String key, Map<String, CldrArray> pathValueMap) {
        CldrArray cldrArray = pathValueMap.get(key);
        if (cldrArray == null) {
            cldrArray = new CldrArray();
            pathValueMap.put(key, cldrArray);
        }
        return cldrArray;
    }
}
